春季设施蔬菜病害发生与综合防控技术指导意见,病虫害防控,设施蔬菜-农机网
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地点： 上海市
开展时间： 2025-04-21
举办单位： 上海荷瑞展览有限公司
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地点： 成都市
开展时间： 2025-04-23
举办单位： 汉诺威米兰展览（上海）有限公司、东浩兰生会展集团上海工业商务展览有限公司、四川天府国际会展集团有限公
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地点：
开展时间： 2025-04-28
举办单位： 英富曼
春季设施蔬菜病害发生与综合防控技术指导意见
2025-04-09
09:10:33
来源：鄂尔多斯市农牧局 阅读量：7636
评论
进入四月，鄂尔多斯大地春意回暖，寒冬的凛冽彻底褪去，设施蔬菜的生长进入关键期，同时也是病害高发期。如果不注意，很容易导致病害防不住或者效果不显著，甚至出现药害的情况。为科学有效防治设施蔬菜病害发生，希望广大种植户合理使用农药，对症用药，确保设施蔬菜安全生产。
一
发生规律
设施蔬菜病害的发生规律主要受温度回升、湿度变化、光照增强、植株生长等因素影响，尤其是设施内昼夜温差大，夜间结露严重，叶面长时间湿润，均易导致病害加重。不同病害的发生和流行呈现出一定的规律性，如：高湿型病害霜霉病、灰霉病、菌核病、晚疫病等；土传病害根腐病、枯萎病、立枯病等。
二
综合防控措施
(一)农艺措施
1.选用抗病品种：轮换使用具有不同抗病基因的抗病品种；抗病品种的合理布局。
2.倒茬轮作或套种：合理轮作，减少初侵染源；采取套种模式，利于增强田间通风透光性、降低田间湿度、减少病原菌侵染。
3.保持田园卫生：清除收获后遗留棚内的病株残体，集中深埋与销毁；生长期拔除病株与铲除发病中心；施用腐熟的净肥；清洗消毒农机具、农膜、仓库等；平衡施肥，避免氮肥过量，提高植物抗病性。
4.加强栽培管理：晴天加大通风，降低湿度；采用膜下滴灌或微喷灌，避免大水漫灌；夜间覆盖保温材料，减少结露；清洁棚膜，及时整枝打杈，改善植株透光性；合理密植。
(二)物理防控
1.防虫网：通风口覆盖60目防虫网阻隔害虫。
2.诱杀：悬挂黄板防治蚜虫、粉虱，蓝板防治蓟马，避免虫媒传病。
3.紫外线灯：夜间短时照射抑制灰霉病菌孢子活性。
(三)生物防控
1.天敌昆虫：释放丽蚜小蜂防治粉虱，捕食螨防治红蜘蛛。
2.微生物制剂：枯草芽孢杆菌(防治灰霉病、白粉病)；木霉菌(防治根腐病、立枯病)；多粘类芽孢杆菌(防治青枯病)。
(四)化学防控
以下主要针对高湿型病害和土传病害提出化学防控措施:
1.高湿型病害
2.土传病害
3.注意事项
(1)高湿型病害：嘧菌酯、氟噻唑吡乙酮等应轮换使用;土传病害：化学药剂与生物制剂(如枯草芽孢杆菌)结合。
(2)施药时穿戴防护装备，避免污染水源。
(3)严格执行农药安全间隔期，确保蔬菜质量安全。
(4)避免高温时段施药，防止药害。
(5)采用植保无人机施药时，需添加助剂提高药液附着率。
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